1. Atomic Bomb:
The
atomic bomb was invented during World War II in the famous Manhattan Project
led by scientist Robert Oppenheimer. It was first tested on July 16, 1945 in
Los Alamos, New Mexico. The blast was so bright, a blind girl 120 miles away
claimed to see it, and it caused a mushroom cloud of radioactive vapor to hover
at 30,000 feet. This ushered in the Atomic Age, and led to the bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki a month later, killing 66,000 and 39,000 respectively.
The nuclear fallout of the blasts led to radiation poisoning, illness, disease,
and leukemia in many survivors. The atomic bomb has only been used these two
times, so far at least. Hopefully the world will keep it that way.
Trinitrotoluene, also
known as TNT, is an explosive chemical compound that was first synthesized in
1863 by German physicist Joseph Wilbrand. His intention was to use the compound
as a yellow dye, as its explosive properties were not discovered until 1902,
when the German army filled their artillery shells with it. Still widely used
by the U.S. military and construction companies all over the world, TNT is
poisonous, and skin contact can cause the skin to turn bright orange.
3. The Guillotine
The Guillotine is a device designed for carrying out executions by beheading. It consists of a tall upright frame in which a weighted and angled blade is raised to the top and suspended. The condemned person is secured at the bottom of the frame, with his or her neck held directly below the blade. The blade is then released, to fall swiftly and sever the head from the body. The device is best known for its use in France, in particular during the French Revolution, when it "became a part of popular culture" and it became celebrated as the people's avenger by supporters of the Revolution and vilified as the pre-eminent symbol of the Reign of Terror by opponents." The guillotine continued to be used long after the Revolution and remained France's standard method of judicial execution until the abolition of capital punishment with the backing of President François Mitterrand in 1981. The last person guillotined in France was Hamida Djandoubi, on 10 September 1977.
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